From http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/redshift_white_dwarfs

"One of the three classical tests for general relativity is the
gravitational redshift of light or other forms of electromagnetic
radiation. However, in contrast to the other two tests - the
gravitational deflection of light and the relativistic perihelion
shift - you do not need general relativity to derive the correct
prediction for the gravitational redshift. A combination of Newtonian
gravity, a particle theory of light, and the weak equivalence
principle (gravitating mass equals inertial mass) suffices. It is,
therefore, perhaps best regarded as a test of that principle rather
than as a test of general relativity."

That last sentence must surely be a non-contentious way of saying
that the gravitational red shift is not a definitive test of general
relativity.

The writer has apparently not considered that the same combination of
factors applies also to the gravitational deflection of light, which
implies that it too is not a definitive test of general relativity.

With two of the three classical tests of GR thus seen as inconclusive,
the question arises as to whether a similar combination could provide
the correct prediction for the relativistic perihelion shift. At first
glance, the idea would seem preposterous: a particle theory of light
must surely eschew Lorentz transforms and Einstein's second postulate,
and in that case an alternative way to the relationships implied by
the gamma() factor must be found. But as it happens, there is one:
postulating that gravity propagates through a field the energy of
which varies as the gamma() factor gives us F = G M m / d² * gamma(v),
which does indeed correctly predict the relativistic perihelion shift.

And yes, the above *is* speculative, but if the math produces the
correct prediction, can it be regarded as fanciful, or in some way
illegitimate? Shouldn't we keep such alternatives in mind when theory
is being tested?

On Tuesday, April 14, 2020 at 12:23:26 PM UTC+3, Ned Latham wrote:
> From http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/redshift_white_dwarfs
>
> "One of the three classical tests for general relativity is the
> gravitational redshift of light or other forms of electromagnetic
> radiation. However, in contrast to the other two tests - the
> gravitational deflection of light and the relativistic perihelion
> shift - you do not need general relativity to derive the correct
> prediction for the gravitational redshift. A combination of Newtonian
> gravity, a particle theory of light, and the weak equivalence
> principle (gravitating mass equals inertial mass) suffices. It is,
> therefore, perhaps best regarded as a test of that principle rather
> than as a test of general relativity."
>
> That last sentence must surely be a non-contentious way of saying
> that the gravitational red shift is not a definitive test of general
> relativity.
>
> The writer has apparently not considered that the same combination of
> factors applies also to the gravitational deflection of light, which
> implies that it too is not a definitive test of general relativity.
>
> With two of the three classical tests of GR thus seen as inconclusive,
> the question arises as to whether a similar combination could provide
> the correct prediction for the relativistic perihelion shift. At first
> glance, the idea would seem preposterous: a particle theory of light
> must surely eschew Lorentz transforms and Einstein's second postulate,
> and in that case an alternative way to the relationships implied by
> the gamma() factor must be found. But as it happens, there is one:
> postulating that gravity propagates through a field the energy of
> which varies as the gamma() factor gives us F = G M m / d² * gamma(v),
> which does indeed correctly predict the relativistic perihelion shift.
>
> And yes, the above *is* speculative, but if the math produces the
> correct prediction, can it be regarded as fanciful, or in some way
> illegitimate? Shouldn't we keep such alternatives in mind when theory
> is being tested?

=========================it is all
because
,mass is the creator of all forces
including gravity !by some // unknown yet messengers'' it is ''popping out
================Y.P
===================