STILFONTEIN, South Africa � Months after South African authorities
initially cut off supplies to miners working illegally in an abandoned
gold mine, rescuers brought dozens of bodies and emaciated survivors to
the surface Tuesday with hundreds more still believed to be underground,
many of them dead and others too weak to come out on their own.

At least 60 bodies and 92 survivors had been pulled from one of South
Africa's deepest mines since Monday in a red cagelike device lowered
thousands of feet underground, police said. Police are uncertain how many
miners remain inside but said it is likely in the hundreds. Another nine
bodies were brought out Friday in a community-led rescue effort, according
to a group representing the miners.

The mine has been the scene of a tense standoff between police, miners and
members of the local community since authorities launched an operation in
November to force the miners out by cutting off food and water from the
surface for a period of time. At the time, a Cabinet minister said the aim
was to "smoke them out" and the government would not send help because
they were "criminals."

But that tactic has been fiercely criticized by civic groups and the
community, and the South African government is under scrutiny for the way
it has dealt with the issue at the Buffelsfontein Gold Mine, where more
than 100 miners are believed to have died underground of starvation or
dehydration, according to the group representing them.

Authorities, who removed the ropes and pulley system miners used to enter
and to lower supplies, say the survivors are able to come out but refuse
to because of fear of arrest. That has been disputed by the civic groups,
which won a court case to force authorities to allow food, water and
medicine to be sent down to the miners. But they say the supplies aren't
enough and many of the miners are dying of starvation and unable to climb
out because the shaft is too steep.

Residents desperate

ly waiting for news of family members gathered at the mine Tuesday near
the town of Stilfontein, southwest of Johannesburg, some holding placards
criticizing authorities for their response. One sign said there had been a
"Sacrifice at Stilfontein" while some handcuffed survivors were led away
in a line by police.

The community organized its own rescue operation on Friday before the
official effort by authorities began Monday. They say a proper rescue
operation should have been launched months ago.

"We are happy that this operation is happening, even though we believe
that if it was done earlier, we wouldn't even have one dead person," said
Mzukisi Jam, the regional chairperson of the South African National Civics
Organization, an umbrella for civic and rights groups.

Authorities have grappled with informal mining for years

Illegal mining is common in parts of gold-rich South Africa where
companies close down mines that are no longer profitable, leaving groups
of informal miners to enter them illegally in a search for leftover
deposits.

Large groups of miners often go underground for months to maximize their
profits, taking food, water, generators and other equipment with them, but
also relying on others in their group on the surface to send down more
supplies.

Mineral Resources Minister Gwede Mantashe visited the site Tuesday and
said that more than 1,500 miners who resurfaced from the Buffelsfontein
mine have been arrested since authorities began a larger crackdown on
illegal mining in late 2023. He said the vast majority were foreign
nationals from neighboring countries.

Police have also doubled down on their assertion that the miners who are
still underground aren't coming out because they are afraid of being
arrested.

Activists said the only way out is for miners to make a dangerous trek to
another shaft, which can take days, and crawl out there, but many are too
weak or ill to climb out. The mine is 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) deep with
multiple shafts, many levels and a maze of tunnels. The group representing
the miners said there are numerous groups in various parts of the mine.

"The last time I spoke to my brother was in July, when he told us that he
is going underground," said Zinzi Tom, a sister of one of the miners who
remained underground. "We had not heard anything from him, but yesterday
one of the miners who surfaced said he saw him about two weeks ago.
Apparently he is very sick and he is struggling to survive."

Cellphone videos emerge from underground

The Mining Affected Communities United in Action group, which took
authorities to court in December to force them to allow supplies to be
sent down to the miners, released two cellphone videos that they said were
from underground and showed dozens of dead bodies of miners wrapped in
plastic. A spokesman for the group said "a minimum" of 100 miners had
died.

The cellphone videos purportedly from the depths of the mine are filmed by
a man who can be heard saying, "This is hunger. People are dying because
of hunger," as he records emaciated-looking men sitting on the damp floor
of the mine. He adds: "Please help us. Bring us food or take us out."

The rescue operation will go on for 10 days and authorities would then
reassess, Police Minister Senzo Mchunu said. Police also said that the
survivors who had been brought to the surface will be arrested and charged
with illegal mining and trespassing after receiving medical attention.

Authorities made clear their approach when South African Cabinet Minister
Khumbudzo Ntshavheni told reporters in November that the government would
not help the miners, who they consider criminals.

"We are not sending help to criminals," she said. "We are going to smoke
them out. They will come out."

She added: "Criminals are not to be helped. Criminals are to be
persecuted."

https://www.npr.org/2025/01/15/nx-s1-5260689/south-africa-abandoned-mines-
survivors-dead