RISKS-LIST: Risks-Forum Digest Tuesday 1 November 2022 Volume 33 : Issue 50

ACM FORUM ON RISKS TO THE PUBLIC IN COMPUTERS AND RELATED SYSTEMS (comp.risks)
Peter G. Neumann, founder and still moderator

***** See last item for further information, disclaimers, caveats, etc. *****
This issue is archived at <http://www.risks.org> as
<http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/33.50>
The current issue can also be found at
<http://www.csl.sri.com/users/risko/risks.txt>

Contents:
Tesla under US criminal investigation over self-driving claims,
(The Guardian)
Science Has a Nasty Photoshopping Problem (Elisabeth Bik)
'Deepfakes' of Celebrities Appearing in Ads (Patrick Coffee)
Musk, Twitter, and Disinformation (Lauren Weinstein via PGN)a
Facebook's Ad-Delivery Algorithm Discriminates Based on Race, Gender, Age
(Northeastern)
Confirming Election Results with Risk-Limiting Audits (Rice U.)
Self-Driving Cars Face Uncertain Path to U.S. Deployment (Reuters)
One month aftermath of the Nord Stream pipeline explosion (Switch-Plan)
Square sells access to your inbox. No one seems toknow if the law
cares. (Protocol)
Steve Bannon and democracy? (Lauren W., PGN retitled)
Many UFO Reports Are Just Spy Drones or Airborne Trash (NYTimes)
Re: NYC's Emerg. Med. Svc 911 system was crippled 'cuz (Dick Mills)
Re: GPS interference caused the FAA to reroute Texas air traffic.
(Richard S. Russell)
Re: Iran Hackers Behind Attempt on US Election Are Still Active
(Steve Bacher)
Abridged info on RISKS (comp.risks)

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Date: Wed, 26 Oct 2022 13:57:31 -0700
From: Lauren Weinstein <lauren@vortex.com>
Subject: Tesla under US criminal investigation over self-driving claims,
(The Guardian)

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/26/tesla-criminal-investigation-self-driving-claims-sources

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 00:25:31 +0000
From: Henry Baker <hbaker1@pipeline.com>
Subject: Science Has a Nasty Photoshopping Problem (Elisabeth Bik)

Elisabeth Bik, *The New York Times*, 29 Oct 2022

If this 'scientific disinformation' problem isn't stopped quickly, the
recent rejections of COVID science will seem a walk in the park.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/29/opinion/science-fraud-image-manipulation-photoshop.html

One evening in January 2014, I sat at my computer at home, sifting through
scientific papers. Being a microbiologist, this wasn't unusual, although I
certainly didn't expect to find what I did that night.

These particular papers were write-ups of medical research, with many
including photographs of biological samples, like tissue. One picture caught
my eye. Was there something familiar about it? Curious, I quickly scrolled
back through other papers by the same authors, checking their images against
each other.

There it was. A section of the same photo being used in two different
papers to represent results from three entirely different experiments.

What's more, the authors seemed to be deliberately covering their
tracks. Although the photos were of the same sample, one appeared to have
been flipped back-to-front, while the other appeared to have been stretched
and cropped differently.

Although this was eight years ago, I distinctly recall how angry it made me.
This was cheating, pure and simple. By editing an image to produce a desired
result, a scientist can manufacture proof for a favored hypothesis, or
create a signal out of noise. Scientists must rely on and build on one
another's work. Cheating is a transgression against everything that science
should be. If scientific papers contain errors or -- much worse --
fraudulent data and fabricated imagery, other researchers are likely to
waste time and grant money chasing theories based on made-up results.

But were those duplicated images just an isolated case? With little clue
about how big this would get, I began searching for suspicious figures in
biomedical journals. [...[

By day I went to my job in a lab at Stanford University, but I was soon
spending every evening and most weekends looking for suspicious images. In
2016, I published an analysis of 20,621 peer-reviewed papers, discovering
problematic images in *no fewer than one in 25*. Half of these appeared to
have been manipulated deliberately &mdash; rotated, flipped, stretched or
otherwise photoshopped. With a sense of unease about how much bad science
might be in journals, I quit my full-time job in 2019 so that I could devote
myself to finding and reporting more cases of scientific fraud.

[Elisabeth appears to be a very gifted sleuth-sayer!]

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 26 Oct 2022 12:03:32 -0400 (EDT)
From: ACM TechNews <technews-editor@acm.org>
Subject: 'Deepfakes' of Celebrities Appearing in Ads (Patrick Coffee)

Patrick Coffee, *The Wall Street Journal*, 25 Oct 2022,
via ACM TechNews; 26 Oct 2022

Deepfakes of celebrities have started to appear in ads, with and without
their consent. Experts say the growing use of deepfake software could change
the marketing industry significantly while raising new legal and ethical
issues, making it difficult for celebrities to rein in unauthorized digital
reproductions and brand manipulation. U.S. legislative efforts to contain
deepfakes include criminalization of their use in revenge porn in Virginia,
and a Texas ban on their use in political campaigns. However, experts cite a
lack of legislation addressing deepfake usage in commercials, and anticipate
as a result deepfakes will become increasingly popular in advertising.

[The annoying orange-hosting URLs will henceforth be expunged.]

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 26 Oct 2022 21:27:17 -0700
From: Lauren Weinstein <lauren@vortex.com>
Subject: Musk, Twitter, and Disinformation

[PGN compilation of various comments over 6 days, in approximate
chronological order.]

1. How to part fools from their money, Twitter goes big on NFTs!
Of course. Crypto. How to part fools from their money. The new Twitter.
https://decrypt.co/113007/twitter-buy-sell-nfts-tweets-magic-eden-dapper-rarible

2. How to report hate speech, etc. on Twitter to Google Play Store
https://support.google.com/googleplay/answer/2853570?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid

3. In all seriousness, I wish only the best for @Twitter -- and despite
Musk's dramatic flare the most interesting thing to watch will be the
degree to which he acknowledges his lack of experience in this area and
reaches out to experts who understand the national and global
implications. -L

4. Musk starts firing execs, having them thrown out of the offices REPORT:
CEO, CFO, top legal and policy exec, and general counsel fired, one
"escorted" out of the office. Unclear if he was handcuffed.
[Twitter informs me that news stories claiming firing of data engineering
team are FALSE. -L]

5. EU Official Warns Elon Musk After Twitter Deal: 'The Bird Will Fly by
Our Rules'
https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-official-warns-elon-musk-after-he-buys-twitter-the-bird-will-fly-by-our-rules-11666963706

6. Elon Musk's Twitter 'bird will fly by EU rules,' Brussels warns after
billionaire takes control
https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/10/28/done-deal-elon-musk-now-has-control-of-twitter-and-has-already-fired-its-top-executives

7. Twitter Debates Musk's Proposed 'Moderation Council' as Users Volunteer
https://www.newsweek.com/twitter-debates-musks-proposed-moderation-council-users-volunteer-1755546

9. My sense at the moment is that Twitter under Musk would continue to
moderate hate speech per se pretty much as they have, but tend to let
disinformation run amok. The latter has much more potential to have
political impact, and "fits the profile" so to speak. -L

9. [Sen] Murphy calls for national security review of foreign investors in
Musk Twitter acquisition consortium
https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3712679-murphy-calls-for-national-security-review-of-foreign-investors-in-musk-twitter-acquisition-consortium/

10. Elon Musk tells Europe that Twitter will comply with bloc's illegal
speech rules
https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/31/elon-musk-twitter-dsa-comply/

11. Hate speech vs. disinformation

There is of course a hazy gray area between hate speech and
disinformation, and it can be assumed that this will be exploited to the
maximal extent possible for evil. -L

12. Revenue idea for Elon's Twitter!

Revenue idea for @Twitter - charge per original tweet sent & number of
followers. Charging algorithm will add 100x weight for each blue check
recipient. Average tweet across platform would cost ~$5. You can rake it
in Elon! Tesla & SpaceX will be revenue babes in comparison! -L

13. Bailing out Elon

Keep in mind the bottom line. Musk has admitted that he overpaid for
@Twitter -- and now he wants us to pay for it and essentially bail out
the richest man on the planet. What's wrong with this picture?

[Also: Gabe Goldberg:
Elon Musk Takes Twitter, and Tech Deals, to Another Level. Silicon
Valley moguls used to buy yachts and islands. Now they are rich enough,
and perhaps arrogant enough, to acquire companies they fancy.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/28/technology/twitter-deal-musk-tech-companies.html
PGN]