newsgroups can receive dozens or even hundreds of articles per day;
scoring rules can be used to automatically separate these articles
into categories: first, by analyzing common "xover" message header
fields then applying scores and actions to those affected articles;
second, by analyzing all header fields in articles which have been
downloaded and scoring them accordingly: e.g. from, subject, xpost,
message-id, injection-info, nntp-posting-host, references, x-abuse,
path, x-trace, x-face, x-no-archive, x-complaints-to, x-newsreader,
x-mailer, x-tor-router, x-spam-checker-version, xref, mime-version,
x-orig-path, x-organisation, organization, originator, in-reply-to,
reply-to, cancel-lock, content-language, content-transfer-encoding,
content-type, user-agent, followup-to, lines, x-dmca-notifications,
x-received, x-antivirus, x-antivirus-status, x-abuse-and-dmca-info,
x-received-bytes, x-usenapp, x-complaints, x-postfilter, x-user-id,
x-ufhash, x-server-commands, x-usenet-provider, newsgroups, etc...

by downloading several hundred article headers in a busy newsgroup,
overview scoring rules can be tested; after retrieving the message
bodies, both overview and non-overview scoring rules are tested on
all message headers; cursory inspection of these retrieved article
headers can reveal headers and/or header field text strings unique
to certain newsservers that allow posting, including websites that
use backend nntp, and mail-to-news gateways popular with anonymous
remailer users...non-overview headers can be especially useful for
this; a clean "portable" install of 40tude dialog 2.0.15.41 is the
best place to begin (do not install to default x86 program folder):

https://www.barghahn-online.de/4td_faq/download.php
https://www-barghahn--online-de.translate.goog/4td_faq/download.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp
>40tude Dialogue - Download
>https://www.barghahn-online.de/4td_faq/download/4d2b38.exe
>https://www.barghahn-online.de/4td_faq/download/dialog_41.zip

after setting up this program to work with one or more newsservers,
copy and paste the following, relatively simple example of scoring
rules into the "scoring and actions" window, "test expressions" to
validate scoring syntax then click ok; the wildcard [*] identifier
includes all newsgroups; try it on headers, then on message bodies:

[*]
# for scoring all headers, remailers, m2n
=+9999 From: "your <unique@address.field>"
# mnemonic "self", me, ego, maximum score
=+1452 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*dizum}
# mnemonic "leonardo born", fri 14 april
=+1800 Header {^Injection\-Info: neodome}
# mnemonic "180", hemisphere, half round
#
# for scoring overview headers
# cross-posting is a darn nuisance
# demote cross-posts, darken color
-1111 Xpost %>1
!setcolor(silver;maroon) Xpost %>1
-1111 Xpost %>2
!setcolor(maroon;gray) Xpost %>2
-1111 Xpost %>3
!setcolor(gray;olive) Xpost %>3
-1111 Xpost %>4
!setcolor(olive;gray) Xpost %>4
-1111 Xpost %>5
!setcolor(navy;black) Xpost %>5
# # for scoring non-overview headers
=-1000 Header {^X\-No\-Archive: yes}
# mnemonic "-1", hamster verwerfen
=-1001 Header {^X\-Trace: individual}
# mnemonic "1/1=1", solo, single, one
=-1005 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*corradoroberto}
# mnemonic "cat", gatto, leo, sunlight, 5th house
=-1119 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*alt119}
# mnemonic "119", nntp, port, contabo, brasil
=-1200 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*newshosting}
# mnemonic "n", nu, pisces, 12th house
=-1559 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*tweaknews}
# mnemonic "hotel des tournelles", pl. vosges
=-1782 Header {^Injection\-Info: paganini}
# mnemonic "paganini born", sunday 27 october
=-1789 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*usenet\-fr}
# mnemonic "paris", bastille, guillotin, robespierre
=-1865 Header {^Path: .*usenet.farm$}
# mnemonic "40 acres", mule, plantation
=-1952 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*supernews}
# mnemonic "superman", tv series, george reeves
=-1957 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*uzoreto}
# mnemonic "with", sputnik, vostok, baikonur
=-1978 Header {^X\-Complaints: .*ausics}
# mnemonic "aus", bbs, fido, dns reykjavik
=-1980 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*usenetserver}
# mnemonic "user's network", usenet, nntp server
=-1993 Header {^Injection\-Info: dont\-email}
=-1993 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*september}
# mnemonic "eternal september", never ending
=-2000 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*blocknews}
# mnemonic "mental block", mind, mercury, second heaven
=-3142 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*easynews}
# mnemonic "3.142...", approx. of pi
=-4000 Header {^Injection\-Info: solani}
# mnemonic "4th", sol, sun, fourth heaven
=-4300 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*TheWorld}
# mnemonic "4/3", 4/3 pi r3, sphere, planet
=-5000 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*blueworld}
# mnemonic "blue", 5th primary color, roygbvm/uv
=-5005 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*usenet.ovh}
# mnemonic "rho", roubaix, robaais, fifth heaven
=-5555 Header {^Injection\-Info: reader[\d].panix}
# mnemonic "fear", panic, anxious, nervous, self, mars
=-6000 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*abavia}
# mnemonic "matre", mamme, mulierem, virago, virgo
=-6666 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*newsdemon}
# mnemonic "666", demonic, diabolos, number of man
=-7000 Header {^Injection\-Info: i2pn2}
# mnemonic "7th house", libra, fulcrum, rocksolid
=-8000 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*astraweb}
# mnemonic "8th", aster, starry night, eighth heaven
=-8080 Header {^X\-Complaints\-To: .*usenet\-news}
# mnemonic "8080", port, ddllc, va, nl, s. farm
=-9000 Header {^X\-Usenet\-Provider: .*giganews}
# mnemonic "10^9", 1,000,000,000
=-9876 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*chmurka}
# mnemonic "cloud", vapor, shade, gloom, worry
=-9999 Header {^Injection\-Info: .*googlegroups}
# mnemonic "goo", spam, thick, viscous, the blob

cross-posted articles are increasingly darkened in the header list
"subject (name)" column, and likewise demoted in the "score/status"
column...rescoring cross-posted articles after downloading message
bodies does not remove these assigned foreground/background colors
unless otherwise specified in (non-overview header) scoring syntax;
because "xpost" is an overview header, there's no need to download
cross-posted article bodies, leaving this to the user's discretion;
some cross-posted articles might be interesting, but most are spam
and troll farm babble...best to ignore these "regulars" altogether;
(respond only to other articles when the reply may benefit readers)

it is recommended to never cross-post, not even when responding to
a cross-posted article, but post any replies only to the newsgroup
where you found that article; if any other cross-posted newsgroups
might benefit from that reply, post those separately, one group at
a time; if forwarding to newsgroup(s) not listed in the cross-post,
use "fw:" instead of "re:" in the "subject" header when convenient;