Leprosy Cases On The Rise In Florida.

Amidst a concerning rise in leprosy cases across Florida, the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a warning saying
the disease may be on the path to becoming endemic in the region.

Travellers heading to the southeastern region of the United States,
specifically central Florida, should be mindful of the potential risk of
transmission, the CDC stated.

�Florida, USA, has witnessed an increased incidence of leprosy cases
lacking traditional risk factors,� the CDC said in a report published on
Monday. �Those trends, in addition to decreasing diagnoses in foreign-
born persons, contribute to rising evidence that leprosy has become
endemic in the southeastern United States.

�Travel to Florida should be considered when conducting leprosy contact
tracing in any state.�

In 2020, 159 new cases of leprosy were reported in the U.S., according to
the country�s National Hansen�s Disease Program. Florida was among the
top reporting states. And Central Florida accounted for 81 per cent of
cases in the state. That makes up one-fifth of reported cases in the
entire country.
What is leprosy?

Leprosy, also known as Hansen�s disease, is an age-old infectious disease
caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae that affects the skin and
nerves.

These bacteria are very slow growing and often may take up to 20 years to
manifest after initial infection, according to the CDC. The bacteria
attack the nerves, which can become swollen under the skin and cause the
affected areas to lose the ability to sense touch and pain. If left
untreated, it can also result in paralysis of the hands and feet.
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Leprosy is not highly contagious and although it�s not exactly known how
it transmits between people, the CDC said it may happen when an infected
person coughs or sneezes, and a healthy person breathes in the droplets
containing the bacteria. However, prolonged, close contact with someone
with untreated leprosy over many months is needed to catch the disease,
the health department added.

If detected early, leprosy can be cured with antibiotics.

Although very rare, cases of the disease have been reported in Canada.

For example, in Ontario, a very small number of imported cases occur per
year, according to Public Health Ontario (PHO). The last data available
shows that in 2021, there was one reported case. In 2016, there were six
reported cases.

Global News reached out to Health Canada for comment about current
leprosy rates in the country but did not hear back at the time of
publication.
Why is leprosy on the rise in Florida?

Historically, leprosy has been rare in the U.S., with its peak occurrence
happening around 1983, as reported by the CDC. Following that, there was
a significant decline in the number of documented cases annually from the
1980s through 2000.
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But since then, the CDC said, reports show a �gradual increase� in cases,
with the number of reported cases more than doubling in the southeastern
states over the last decade.

The notable difference is that previous cases primarily involved
individuals who immigrated from leprosy-endemic regions around the world.
However, according to the CDC�s report, during the period from 2015 to
2020, approximately 34 per cent of new cases seemed to have contracted
the disease locally, raising concerns about potential transmission within
the U.S.

For example, the department said in 2022 a 54-year-old man living in
central Florida became sick with the disease without risk factors for
known transmission routes. He went to a dermatology clinic looking for
treatment for a painful and worsening red rash. The rash initially
appeared on his hands and feet and then spread to his face. Biopsies
taken from the affected area showed that he had leprosy.
epromatous leprosy in a 54-year-old man in central Florida, USA, 2022. A,
B) Leonine facies with waxy yellow papules. C) Violaceous nonblanching
macules coalescing into patches along dorsum of feet bilaterally. D, E)
Erythematous papules coalescing into plaques along extensor aspects of
upper and lower extremities bilaterally.
View image in full screen
Lepromatous leprosy in a 54-year-old man in central Florida, 2022. CDC

He said he had not recently travelled, had prolonged contact with
immigrants from leprosy-endemic regions, or associations with individuals
known to have leprosy, the CDC said. He lived in central Florida his
entire life, works in landscaping and spends extended periods outdoors,
the department flagged.
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The CDC then suggested �environmental reservoirs as a potential source of
transmission� for this patient.

�Although the incidence of leprosy has been increasing, the rates of new
diagnoses in persons born outside of the United States has been declining
since 2002,� the CDC stated. �This information suggests that leprosy has
become an endemic disease process in Florida.�

The CDC then warned that any travel to this area, �should prompt
consideration of leprosy in the appropriate clinical context.�

https://globalnews.ca/news/9869675/leprosy-cases-florida-endemic/